What are the differences between static typing and dynamic typing in programming languages?

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What are the differences between static typing and dynamic typing in programming languages?

Asked on Dec 25, 2025

Answer

Static typing and dynamic typing are two approaches to type checking in programming languages, affecting when and how types are verified. Static typing involves type checking at compile-time, ensuring type correctness before the program runs, as seen in languages like Java and C#. Dynamic typing, used in languages like Python and JavaScript, checks types at runtime, offering more flexibility but potentially leading to runtime errors.

Example Concept: Static typing enforces type constraints during compilation, providing early error detection and often optimizing performance through type-specific optimizations. Dynamic typing, on the other hand, allows variables to change types during execution, facilitating rapid prototyping and flexibility but requiring rigorous runtime checks to prevent type-related errors.

Additional Comment:

Static typing can improve performance due to compiler optimizations.
Dynamic typing allows for more flexible and concise code, especially in scripting and rapid development.
Languages like TypeScript add static typing to JavaScript, combining benefits of both approaches.
Type inference in statically typed languages can reduce verbosity while maintaining type safety.

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