Example Concept: Garbage collectors use algorithms such as generational collection, mark-and-sweep, and reference counting to manage memory. Generational collection divides objects into generations based on their lifespan, optimizing for the fact that most objects die young. The mark-and-sweep algorithm marks live objects and sweeps away the unmarked ones, while reference counting keeps track of the number of references to each object, deallocating those with zero references. These techniques help maintain efficient memory usage and reduce the overhead of manual memory management.